Kippzonen BSRN Scientific Solar Monitoring System Bedienungsanleitung PDF herunterladen (Seite 9)

VII

C 3. Annex 2 to the Diffuse Geometry WG Report: Optimization of Diffusometers to

Pyrheliometers ......................................................... 124

C 3.1 Introduction ..................................................... 124

C 3.2 Basic considerations .............................................. 124

C 3.2.1 Sky functions ............................................. 125

C 3.2.2 The pyrheliometers and pyranometers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

C 3.2.3 Existing diffusometers ...................................... 126

C 3.2.4 Optimal systems........................................... 127

C 3.3 References ..................................................... 128

C 4. Annex 3 to Diffuse Geometry WG Report: Examination of shading mechanisms for

diffuse sky irradiance measurement for use in the BSRN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

C 4.1 Introduction ..................................................... 129

C 4.2 Irradiance in the instrument: Numerical solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130

C 4.3 Sun at zenith .................................................... 130

C 4.4 Sun at an arbitrary zenith angle ..................................... 131

C 4.5 Analytical solutions ............................................... 132

C 4.6 Conclusion ...................................................... 134

C 4.7 References ..................................................... 134

Annex D Pyrheliometers and Pointing ............................................... 135

D 1. On the Pointing Error of Pyrheliometers ..................................... 135

D 1.1 Introduction ..................................................... 135

D 1.2 The method of calculation.......................................... 135

D 1.2.1 Radiance along the solar disk ............................... 136

D 1.2.2 Radiance along the circumsolar sky . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136

D 1.2.3 The penumbra functions ................................... 136

D 1.3 Results ......................................................... 136

D 1.4 Conclusions ..................................................... 136

D 1.5 References ..................................................... 137

D 2. Effect of Clouds on the Pyrheliometric Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140

D 2.1 Introduction ..................................................... 140

D 2.2 The geometry ................................................. 140

D 2.2.1 Cloud edge scattering...................................... 140

D 2.2.2 Cloud side reflectance ..................................... 141

D 2.3 Measurements ................................................... 141

D 2.4 The applied radiance distributions ................................... 141

D 2.5 The pyrheliometers ............................................... 142

D 2.6 The effect of clouds............................................... 142

D 2.7 Conclusions ..................................................... 142

D 2.8 Reference ...................................................... 142

Annex E Suppliers of Solar Tracking Instruments (Partial Listing) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

Annex F Suppliers of Data Acquisition Systems (Partial Listing) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

F 1. Data Acquisition Types ................................................... 151

F 2. Data Acquisition Suppliers ................................................ 152

Annex G Sample log sheets ...................................................... 154

Annex H Common Terms and Formulas used in Uncertainty Determinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158

H 1. Common Terms ........................................................ 158

H 2. Common Formulas ...................................................... 164

H 2.1 Type A Evaluation ................................................ 164

H 2.2 Type B Evaluation ................................................ 164

Annex I Solar Position Algorithm .................................................. 166

Annex J BSRN Data Management ................................................. 172

Index ......... .............................. ........................................ 174

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 ... 187 188

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